The Debt's Cast: Two Generations of Talent Spring To Action

With such actor-driven thrillers in mind, director John Madden knew that the cast "would be central to The Debt. Inevitably these characters would be close to us, often very close. We watch them making a choice, see it ripple through a lifetime, and witness its profound effects."

Nowhere was this more important than with the lead character of Rachel Singer. The filmmakers needed an actress of a certain age to embody Rachel in 1997. She would have to be someone capable of conveying the uncertainty that haunts her, and embracing the physical challenges. With those prerequisites, Thykier states, "Who else could it be but Helen Mirren? We'd always thought of her for this role."

Madden had previously directed Mirren in one of her celebrated Prime Suspect telefilms. He notes, "That was a fantastic experience for me. Helen is an actress at the top of her game, and she likes to test herself. She is fearless. Helen responded immediately to the challenge of this material.

"Here's a role which required her to intimate the wounds and the corrosive effect of events suppressed over 30 years. The tension and pain of a decision made long ago are evident; she literally bears a scar from what happened back then. All this has to come across amidst the pace and excitement of a thriller."

Mirren comments, "Aside from wanting to work with John again and the fact that this was a good thriller story, I was interested in exploring the notion of how every action you take in life has a result, a consequence, and sooner or later you are going to have to face up to it."

"Having learned to live with compromise, Rachel is finally realizing that it doesn't always work. She is not a person who reveals much to anyone, not even to the daughter who has written a book about her and her colleagues. Rachel has buried her true emotions and has existed for many years on a superficial level, not confronting the depth of her real feelings about things. She finds she has to do that, and much more."

For that "much more," Mirren rose to the occasion, learning the basic moves of krav maga, the renowned tactical defense skill that is rooted in hand-to-hand combat. Krav maga is the official self-defense system of the Israeli Defense Forces.

However, Mirren points out that "at this point in her life, Rachel is retired and hasn't fought in some years, so I wanted to keep that realistic. While she was trained in krav maga, that was a long time ago. So when she is called upon to defend herself again, she's far from a credible fighter."

With their latter-day Rachel set, the filmmakers turned to casting the younger incarnation. Madden wanted to "not to be enslaved by the necessity to find a lookalike actress.

"But then we did find the perfect actress, who has an extraordinary physical affinity with Helen."

Rising star Jessica Chastain was recommended to Madden "by an agent I trust, someone who didn't even represent her." Chastain had recently filmed The Tree of Life for director Terrence Malick, who when phoned by Madden offered an overwhelmingly positive recommendation. "He was happy to talk forever about her," Madden says.

Chastain remarks, "When I first read the script, I didn't even see it as a thriller. To me, it was a drama and a love story. It was so good that I felt, 'I have to be in this movie.'

"I wanted to work with John Madden because he works both in theater and film, and that's what I like to do as well."

The actress reveals, "I do a lot of research, and I went into my first meeting with John very prepared. I had found out that Helen Mirren and I are the same height, so I said, 'Just to throw it out there...'"

Impressing the filmmakers with her grasp of the character, Chastain got the plum part. "She is magnetic to watch," says Madden. "She elicits an emotional involvement from the viewer. There's no equivocation in the choices she makes, and emotionally she is absolutely clear.

"Helen has exactly that same quality. You can see the tiniest change of mood flutter across her face. That kind of transparency is rare, and it's a gift. The baton of Rachel passes effortlessly from one actress to the other."

Unable to share the screen, "the two Rachels" instead met to compare notes well before filming began. Mirren and Chastain read scenes together and worked out shared characteristics that would resonate within the film.

Chastain remembers, "Helen and I got together in London with [production dialogue coach] Joan Washington to work on Rachel's voice. We also discussed gestures Rachel would make."

Mirren adds, "We collaborated with John, and with the costume and hair and make-up departments as well. Between the two of us, Jessica and I came to a consensus about who we wanted this one person to be.

"In 1997, she is hidden, polished and reserved. But the younger Rachel is a very different person..."

Chastain notes, "Helen asked me about what I thought Rachel's family history might be, and we talked about where perhaps Rachel would end up; it's in the script, of course, but this way we could see that we were on the same journey."

In 1965-1966, Rachel is the youngest member of the trio of Mossad agents sent to capture the war criminal Vogel. Thykier notes, "She has no experience as a field agent up to that point, and that has a significant effect on the way the story unfolds."

The actress herself lacked experience in one key area; Chastain admits, "I could not be more different from a Mossad agent. Before The Debt, I had no idea how to even throw a punch; I had never been in a fight in my life."

Accordingly, she trained with a krav maga expert four times a week for four months in Los Angeles before coming to London for rehearsal with her fellow actors. As a result, "she does all of her own fighting and stunts in the film," Madden reveals.

Chastain reports, "I packed on a little bit of muscle, and, considering that I am a pacifist, I really enjoyed filming the fight scenes."

Chastain's on- and off-screen colleagues include Sam Worthington, who portrays David, the idealistic but conflicted Mossad agent who is drawn to Rachel almost immediately. Long before his star-making role in the record-breaking Avatar, Madden had spotted Worthington in the Australian independent feature Somersault. "Sam has this attractive, masculine, powerful presence but he also has a vulnerability," comments the director. "I felt that he could capture the contrasts of David."

Worthington was intrigued by the character's moral conviction and emotional burdens. "David is a man who lost his entire family in the Holocaust, and is consistently questioning his own worth," the actor states. "He dedicates himself to being an effective Mossad agent, as he feels he has the weight of a nation on him. With this mission, David's idealism becomes at risk and he doesn't know how to handle that.

"John pitched me the story while visiting me on a movie set, and he completely sold me on his vision of these three people who confront a monster but are then haunted for decades. This makes for quite a thriller, but the core of The Debt is the notion of living with repercussions for decades."

To play Stephan, the driven leader of the unit, the filmmakers cast Marton Csokas, whom Madden praises as "brilliant. He's got this louche sexuality about him, and he brings a sense of danger and a neurotic energy to Stephan that creates a dramatic tension amongst the trio. It's Stephan's choices that drive the story."

Csokas sees his character as being "a potent force, and fervent about bringing the Surgeon of Birkenau to justice. During the course of the story, he is tested by the claustrophobic situation that the agents find themselves in; it's one born of ambition and passion. For me, Stephan was a juicy role in the exciting context of a resonant thriller.

"All of the characters in The Debt have their ambiguities; no one is black-and-white. They have their weaknesses and their strengths, they know both victory and failure."

Madden felt that with these two men cast opposite Chastain, the story took on even more potential. He notes, "The next step was to develop the chemistry among them. On this film, beyond working on the text and doing some improvisation, we had to rehearse the unique physical component."

So it was that, like Chastain, Csokas and Worthington underwent training for the krav maga sequences. The three actors trained together for nearly two weeks. Csokas offers, "Neither Sam nor myself became experts by any stretch of the imagination, so we looked after each other - and had our little codes to make sure neither of us got hurt."

Fight/stunt coordinator Julian Spencer notes, "Krav maga moves are so fast that we had to work on slowing them down a little bit for the camera. Otherwise, the viewer would be left wondering, 'What happened?'

"John Madden would allow me to step in and give my five minutes' worth of notes to the actors, and then he would bring it all to life with them, incorporating the blocking."

"That group discipline was a tremendous benefit," says Madden. "They could hang out, while also getting in shape and up to speed for their fighting scenes together."

Chastain says, "We worked as a team even when we were not on-set. In the car going to or from the set, we would be discussing scenes. We'd give each other ideas, and ask each other questions. Sam and Marton made me a better actor because they both work so hard. But they also have a great sense of play so, surprisingly, given the heavy subject matter, we laughed a lot - off the set."

"They became very close," Thykier says. "All three were full of energy, focus, and enthusiasm. Whether it was krav maga training or rehearsing dialogue to hone their accents, their shared work ethic drew them together."

The shared history that binds David and Stephan to Rachel was borne out in the casting of Ciar'an Hinds and Tom Wilkinson, both of whom had worked before with Helen Mirren. "This is in fact the sixth time that Ciar'an has worked with Helen," comments Madden. "They truly do have a long history together, and in this particular movie they bring a poignancy to their characters' relationship."

Hinds muses, "I seem to ambush Helen every five years or so. It's enormously pleasing, and the experience is always compelling - for me, at any rate!

"I considered it a great honor to be in the company of Helen and Tom, and I'd heard how wonderful John was to work with, so I was thrilled when he asked me to play this role. He's a great director."

Mirren comments, "For the scenes that we share in The Debt, it was a great advantage to have worked with these two actors before."

Approached to play the older Stephan, two-time Academy Award nominee Tom Wilkinson was drawn to the project by the prospect of reuniting not only with Mirren, whom he calls "a wonderful person," but also with Madden, for whom he had starred in the Oscar-winning Shakespeare in Love. The actor remarks, "John's very good with actors, but he also has a strong technical side - with the camera and the editing - and he always works hard on the script.

"With regard to this story, what interested me was, can one be redeemed after the endless duplicity of being a secret agent? There's an element of a movie I did a couple of years ago, Michael Clayton, in The Debt, and also of Sidney Lumet's thrillers. When everything you do is accompanied by spin, all the common decencies we take for granted in our lives - all the morals, the ethics - are completely eroded away. So Stephan's relationship with Rachel has gone distant - but he manipulates her anew, in a game with destiny that could be fatal."

Wilkinson adds, "Marton and I spoke by phone about our character and where the script takes him, and we agreed that Marton would proceed with how he was going to play Stephan; since he was filming first, I later took a look at his scenes and worked further on the character with John. There was a certain continuity I was careful not to break."

Worthington had also set his take on David. He says, "David is a quiet, controlled man who starts to explode and then he can't put the lid back on. Actor to actor, I knew I could trust Ciar'an to take it from there - whether he watched rushes of my scenes or not."

Hinds says, "I did make sure to see a couple of scenes that Sam had completed. Of the two men in the equation, David is the more shy, more guarded one and he feels very uneasy once the mission is over. I concentrated on finding the soul, the essence of David some thirty years later, with his having been plagued by self-doubt all that time."

To play "the Surgeon of Birkenau," an almost unimaginable monster who has killed or maimed thousands, Madden sought a performer who wouldn't ooze "evil on tap. We wanted an actor with whom the audience would not necessarily be familiar, about whom they could not make instant judgments. An actor of great power and subtlety. He also had to be fluent in German and English."

Copenhagen-born Jesper Christensen met all the criteria to play Dieter Vogel. The actor was coming off of back-to-back turns as James Bond antagonist Mr. White in Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace, but Christensen saw The Debt as "a thinking man's thriller with multiple layers. When I read the script, I wanted to see what happened next - and I didn't see what was coming."

Madden in turn was taken straight away by Christensen's "craggy, intriguing face that is somehow ageless; he can look either 50 or 80, as needed.

"What Jesper also brought to the part was the ability to be not instantly or even consistently villainous but, rather, exhibit a paradoxical charm and tenderness. Making Vogel rounded was crucial; this is a man who has made accommodations for his deeds but over the course of the story runs a gamut of emotions."

Christensen adds, "The man is so terrible that I didn't have to make the audience any more disgusted with him than they already are. What I needed to do was to bring out his dimensions, the humanity that he does possess, and the rationalizations that he has built around his past."

In their first meeting, Christensen spent hours with Madden reading through the script and working out a number of scenes, "displaying the kind of fearlessness and willingness that he went on displaying all the way through the making of the film," comments the director. "Like Jessica, Jesper did all his own fighting and stunts, with spectacular results.

"When we were shooting, he endured the safe house scenes - where he would stay tethered for hours and hours on end - with tremendous grace. He would even do scenes where other actors would have said, 'You don't need me for this shot.' At one point, I wrenched my own shoulder pulling him up from the floor!"

Christensen confides, "I would rather not do stunts myself, because I don't recover that quickly any more. But, it's my technique."

Aside from utilizing the physical challenges to advance his character, Christensen concentrated on how "when the three agents are holed up in the safe house with Vogel, it becomes impossible for them to dehumanize him any longer. Before that, he was just a monster to them, someone who has done the most awful things; suddenly, he's there with them and they are responsible for feeding and bathing him. So the moral stakes rise; now how they will treat this man?

"Vogel's nature emerges as he constantly tests them, and cleverly works his way into the consciences of each member of the trio. As an actor, it was thrilling to play."

Two weeks of intense rehearsals were held at Ealing Studios; the setting of the safe house/apartment on a crumbling East Berlin block was built by production designer Jim Clay (BAFTA Award winner for Children of Men) and his department as a 360-degree environment, carefully following the script's specifications to create a genuinely claustrophobic atmosphere for Christensen to interact with Chastain, Worthington, and Csokas. Minor adjustments were made with regard to blocking needs as well as for the characters being impacted by their environment.

Principal photography commenced in chronological order - with the safe house scenes filmed over three weeks - so that the actors could maintain the momentum from the rehearsals and better play out the festering tension between captors and captive.

Worthington notes, "It was our good fortune to be shooting in sequence - a great luxury to have in making a movie - and not having to suspend disbelief, given the tangible nature of the set."

"It wasn't unlike working in the theater," says Csokas. "We would go into the studio and rehearse on the same sets every day. When the crew got in there with the lights and the cameras, it became more claustrophobic."

"By the end, I wanted to kick the place down," admits Worthington. "Just like the character, I didn't want to be there any more."

Chastain reflects, "I was kind of hoping that I wouldn't like Jesper when I first met him in rehearsals; I even tried not to get to know him that well. But I found him to be absolutely lovely, and I thought, 'Well, the scenes are going to be impossible to shoot now, because I really like this guy.'

"But he's such a good actor that as soon as we got onto the safe house set, I just hated him; hated that he was there, tied to that radiator. I just wanted to get away. I would leave the set at night exhausted."